Argus' dreams
Argus never slept during his life. His first and last sleep was very brief - as soon as he dozed off he got killed by Hermes.
Sleep topics
- Sleep
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A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.
- Sleep Apnea, Central
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A condition associated with multiple episodes of sleep apnea which are distinguished from
obstructive sleep apnea (SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE) by the complete cessation of
efforts to breathe. This disorder is associated with dysfunction of central nervous
system centers that regulate respiration. This condition may be idiopathic (primary)
or associated with lower brain stem lesions; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(LUNG DISEASES, OBSTRUCTIVE); HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; medication effect; and other
conditions. Sleep maintenance is impaired, resulting in daytime hypersomnolence.
Primary central sleep apnea is frequently associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
When both forms are present the condition is referred to as mixed sleep apnea
(see SLEEP APNEA SYNDROMES).
(Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395; Neurol Clin 1996;14(3):611-28)
- Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
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Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to
travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.
- Sleep Apnea Syndromes
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Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep
that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep.
Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL),
obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.
- REM Sleep Parasomnias
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Abnormal behavioral or physiologic events that are associated with REM sleep,
including REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER.
- Sleep Deprivation
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The state of being deprived of sleep under experimental conditions, due to life events,
or from a wide variety of pathophysiologic causes such as medication effect, chronic illness,
psychiatric illness, or sleep disorder.
- Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders
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Parasomnias characterized by behavioral abnormalities that occur during the
transition between wakefulness and sleep (or between sleep and wakefulness).
- Sleep Bruxism
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A sleep disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth
and forceful lateral or protrusive jaw movements. Sleep bruxism may be
associated with TOOTH INJURIES; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS;
sleep disturbances; and other conditions.
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
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A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory
efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce
HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary
arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep,
resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions
include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar
dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology,
6th ed, p395)
- Sleep, REM
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A stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern
EEG. It is usually associated with dreaming.
- Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide
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A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma.
This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep,
the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity,
neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal
levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs
including their withdrawal.
- Sleep Disorders
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Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors.
Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS
(i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS
(abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders.
(From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
- Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
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Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep.
This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another
medical or psychiatric condition.
- Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic
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Dyssomnias (i.e., insomnias or hypersomnias) associated with dysfunction of internal
sleep mechanisms or secondary to a sleep-related medical disorder (e.g., sleep apnea,
post-traumatic sleep disorders, etc.). (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
- Sleep Phase Chronotherapy
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A progressive advance or delay of bedtime until the desired bedtime is achieved.
- Sleep Arousal Disorders
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Sleep disorders characterized by impaired arousal from the deeper stages of sleep (generally stage III or IV sleep).
- Sleep Stages
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Periods of sleep manifested by changes in EEG activity and certain behavioral
correlates; includes Stage 1: sleep onset, drowsy sleep; Stage 2: light sleep;
Stages 3 and 4: delta sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, telencephalic sleep.
- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
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A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity
during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury
or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually
followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior.
This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al.,
Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)
- Sleep Paralysis
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A common condition characterized by transient partial or total paralysis of
skeletal muscles and areflexia that occurs upon awakening from sleep or less often
while falling asleep. Stimuli such as touch or sound may terminate the episode,
which usually has a duration of seconds to minutes. This condition may occur in
normal subjects or be associated with NARCOLEPSY; CATAPLEXY; and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS.
The pathophysiology of this condition is closely related to the normal hypotonia that
occur during REM sleep. (From Adv Neurol 1995;67:245-271)
- Dyssomnias
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A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either hypersomnolence or insomnia.
The three major subcategories include intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body)
(SLEEP DISORDERS, INTRINSIC), extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or
various pathologic conditions), and disturbances of circadian rhythm. (From Thorpy,
Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
- Parasomnias
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Movements or behaviors associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals from
sleep that may impair sleep maintenance. Parasomnias are generally divided into
four groups: arousal disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders,
parasomnias of REM sleep, and nonspecific parasomnias. (From Thorpy,
Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p191)
- Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome
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Excessive periodic leg movements during sleep that cause micro-arousals and interfere
with the maintenance of sleep. This condition induces a state of relative sleep
deprivation which manifests as excessive daytime hypersomnolence. The movements
are characterized by repetitive contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle,
extension of the toe, and intermittent flexion of the hip, knee and ankle.
(Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p387)
- Night Terrors
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A disorder characterized by incomplete arousals from sleep associated with behavior
suggesting extreme fright. This condition primarily affects children and young adults
and the individual generally has no recall of the event. Episodes tend to occur during
stage III or IV. SOMNAMBULISM is frequently associated with this condition. (Adams et al.,
Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)
- Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia
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A disorder characterized by incomplete arousals from sleep associated with behavior
suggesting extreme fright. This condition primarily affects children and young adults
and the individual generally has no recall of the event. Episodes tend to occur during
stage III or IV. SOMNAMBULISM is frequently associated with this condition. (Adams et al.,
Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)
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